diff --git a/R/revenue.R b/R/revenue.R
index 393cf3c..c577556 100644
--- a/R/revenue.R
+++ b/R/revenue.R
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #' @return Tibble with columns `year`, `canonical_govid`, `gov_name`,
 #'   `revenue_subtype`, `category`, `amt_nominal`, optional `amt_real`,
 #'   optional `amt_per_capita_nominal`, optional `amt_per_capita_real`,
-#'   `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
+#'   optional `pop_source`, `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
 #' @export
 cog_revenue <- function(govid, years, category = NULL,
                         per_capita = FALSE, adjust_to_year = NULL) {
diff --git a/R/spending.R b/R/spending.R
index e8bd7dd..6132224 100644
--- a/R/spending.R
+++ b/R/spending.R
@@ -13,15 +13,18 @@
 #' @param category Character vector of category names (from
 #'   `summary_categories.category`), or `NULL` for all categories.
 #' @param per_capita If `TRUE`, adds `amt_per_capita_nominal` (and
-#'   `amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using
-#'   `population_acs` from the canonical xwalk.
+#'   `amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using the per-year
+#'   Census F-33 population from `gov_population_yearly`. Result also gains
+#'   a `pop_source` column with values `"census_f33"` or `"unavailable"`
+#'   (the latter for gov types 4/5 and any row whose population is missing
+#'   in that year).
 #' @param adjust_to_year Integer base year for CPI-U real-dollar conversion,
 #'   or `NULL` for nominal only.
 #' @return Tibble with columns `year`, `canonical_govid`, `gov_name`,
 #'   `spend_subtype`, `category`, `amt_nominal`, optional `amt_real`,
 #'   optional `amt_per_capita_nominal`, optional `amt_per_capita_real`,
-#'   `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`. Carries a `provenance`
-#'   attribute matching `inst/schemas/provenance-v1.json`.
+#'   optional `pop_source`, `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
+#'   Carries a `provenance` attribute matching `inst/schemas/provenance-v1.json`.
 #' @export
 cog_spending <- function(govid, years, category = NULL,
                          per_capita = FALSE, adjust_to_year = NULL) {
diff --git a/man/cog_revenue.Rd b/man/cog_revenue.Rd
index 96f1f3f..d05aac8 100644
--- a/man/cog_revenue.Rd
+++ b/man/cog_revenue.Rd
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ cog_revenue(
 `summary_categories.category`), or `NULL` for all categories.}
 
 \item{per_capita}{If `TRUE`, adds `amt_per_capita_nominal` (and
-`amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using
-`population_acs` from the canonical xwalk.}
+`amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using the per-year
+Census F-33 population from `gov_population_yearly`. Result also gains
+a `pop_source` column with values `"census_f33"` or `"unavailable"`
+(the latter for gov types 4/5 and any row whose population is missing
+in that year).}
 
 \item{adjust_to_year}{Integer base year for CPI-U real-dollar conversion,
 or `NULL` for nominal only.}
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ or `NULL` for nominal only.}
 Tibble with columns `year`, `canonical_govid`, `gov_name`,
   `revenue_subtype`, `category`, `amt_nominal`, optional `amt_real`,
   optional `amt_per_capita_nominal`, optional `amt_per_capita_real`,
-  `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
+  optional `pop_source`, `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
 }
 \description{
 Mirror of [cog_spending()] for revenue categories. One row per
diff --git a/man/cog_spending.Rd b/man/cog_spending.Rd
index 36f60fc..a7b9bbb 100644
--- a/man/cog_spending.Rd
+++ b/man/cog_spending.Rd
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ cog_spending(
 `summary_categories.category`), or `NULL` for all categories.}
 
 \item{per_capita}{If `TRUE`, adds `amt_per_capita_nominal` (and
-`amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using
-`population_acs` from the canonical xwalk.}
+`amt_per_capita_real` when `adjust_to_year` is set) using the per-year
+Census F-33 population from `gov_population_yearly`. Result also gains
+a `pop_source` column with values `"census_f33"` or `"unavailable"`
+(the latter for gov types 4/5 and any row whose population is missing
+in that year).}
 
 \item{adjust_to_year}{Integer base year for CPI-U real-dollar conversion,
 or `NULL` for nominal only.}
@@ -31,8 +34,8 @@ or `NULL` for nominal only.}
 Tibble with columns `year`, `canonical_govid`, `gov_name`,
   `spend_subtype`, `category`, `amt_nominal`, optional `amt_real`,
   optional `amt_per_capita_nominal`, optional `amt_per_capita_real`,
-  `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`. Carries a `provenance`
-  attribute matching `inst/schemas/provenance-v1.json`.
+  optional `pop_source`, `codes_included`, `aggregate_fallback`, `notes`.
+  Carries a `provenance` attribute matching `inst/schemas/provenance-v1.json`.
 }
 \description{
 One row per `(year, canonical_govid, spend_subtype, category)`. Amounts are